Perioperative Assessment of the Maxillofacial Surgery Patient by Elie M. Ferneini & Jeffrey D. Bennett

Author:Elie M. Ferneini & Jeffrey D. Bennett
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Cham

24.3.1.4 Opioids

Chronic opioid use results in tolerance, which increases overall anesthetic requirements and predisposes to difficult-to-treat postoperative pain. A comprehensive approach utilizing multimodal analgesia should be employed, baseline/preoperative opioids should be maintained, and additional opioids should be prescribed for breakthrough pain. If opioids are withheld perioperatively, patients should be monitored for signs and symptoms of withdrawal. Opioid withdrawal is rarely life-threatening but very uncomfortable for the patient; symptoms and signs include craving, irritability, nausea, pain, anxiety, insomnia, tachycardia, diaphoresis, hypertension, pupillary dilation, and fever.

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